Permafrost is a thickness soil or bedrock beneath the surface that has been permanently frozen for at least 2 years, with mean ground temperatures less than 0ᵒC. (Holden, 2008; Davis, 2001). Continuous and Discontinuous are the two main types. Washburn (1979) indicates that up to 26% of the Earth is affected by permafrost. Most of this exists where annual average temperatures are less than 0ᵒC and as such is highly susceptible to changes in surface climate conditions (IPCC, 2007). Continue reading “Permafrost – Inuvik, Canada”
SMIDAN 